11月，在利物浦大学的前视中心举行了有关“英国媒介传播疾病”的第三次会议。在为期两天的时间内举行了两年一次的会议的目的是将对媒介或媒介传播疾病感兴趣的英国主要研究小组的成员汇集在一起，这可能是对英国的威胁，与更广泛但相关的团体感兴趣的领域，英国主要政府部门及其机构的成员以及对该主题感兴趣的欧洲组织的代表。
The conference was kindly funded by the健康保护研究rch Unitwhich was established in April 2014 using funding from the UK Government’s National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), as well asBBSRC，Defra，牛津生物系统和theSociety for General Microbiology, allowing for a reduction in conference fees for PhD student attendees.
关于该主题的前两个会议（2012年和2014年举行）为英国研究人员提供了一个很好的机会，可以分享他们当前的知识，确定重要的研究差距并扩大他们的合作。来自英国，美国，欧洲大陆和塞浦路斯的大约110名与会者，今年的会议具有国际感觉，由具有控制海外类似疾病的团体成员进行的重要谈判。
尽管在过去的几年中，许多受人尊敬的昆虫学家，病毒学家，寄生虫学家和生态学家入侵了利物浦，但英国也有自己的显着入侵（疾病及其媒介）。其中包括新病毒，例如牲畜疾病蓝肠疾病和施马伦贝格，这是新载体物种的证据，例如亚洲老虎蚊子的鸡蛋（Aedes bopotus）最近在Folkestone，Kent和265例旅行相关案件附近发现寨卡在英国被诊断出自2015年以来，英国公共卫生（PHE）在英国举行的第一个性传播案例是30thNovember 2016. This conference was a unique opportunity to bring specialists from different fields together to discuss vector-borne research in the context of the threat to the UK.
会议分为七个主题：媒介 - 病原体相互作用，疾病和媒介生态学和监视，遗传学和分类学，出现的驱动因素，Zika，Zika，流行病学和建模以及监视和控制；随着科学家和政策制定者的谈判。在主题中，涵盖了各种昆虫媒介，包括蚊子，蚜虫，tick虫，库里科德斯咬人的midges和whiteflies, along with a range of human, animal and plant pathogens, from Zika virus and malaria, to Babesia infection and bluetongue virus, to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and phytoplasma infection (as seen in the much-adored Christmas poinsettia plants).
Research Highlights:
国际谈判：
Four eminent Professors travelled from the USA to take part in the meeting, giving a unique slant on the research being undertaken in America on vector-borne diseases of humans, plants and animals. Shirley Luckhart from the University of California Davis (UC Davis) kicked-off the meeting, presenting her work on mitochondrial control of mosquito-malaria parasite interactions and tissue homeostasis. Also from UC Davis were Janet Foley and Bob Gilbertson, who gave informative talks on the emergence of tick-borne diseases, and the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus)-transmitted Beet curly top virus, respectively. Finally, Alec Gerry from the University of California Riverside, challenges to using bait animals and artificial lures to assess biting insect activity.
Further experiences in the control and surveillance of diseases and vectors overseas were provided by Dr Angeliki Martinou from the joint Services Health Unit in Cyprus, who gave an informative overview of the current and previous efforts of an active surveillance scheme for native and invasive mosquitoes in the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyrus. Highlighting the challenges faced and lessons learned from integrated mosquito management approaches.
英国谈话：
Much work has been undertaken on the vector competence of英国蚊子众多病毒。来自利物浦大学的马库斯·布拉格罗夫（Marcus Blagrove）博士提出了研究，评估了伊迪斯（Aedes）碎屑，库莱克斯（Culex Pipiens），C。Modestus和Culiseta Annulata的能力，登顶，鸡鸡，西尼罗河，日本脑炎病毒，而Luis dr hernandez-triana的能力卫生机构评估了C. pipiens和C. modestus的USUTU病毒敏感性。他们的研究强调了这些病毒的敏感性相对差异，但重要的是强调了它们的传播能力，证实了英国蚊子在英国传播的潜在风险。
A special session onZika被安排在第二天。Here, a range of speakers from some of the UK’s leading research teams, as well as Public Health England, gave an update on Zika research (Professor Tom Solomon, UoL), the UK’s response to the virus (Dr Katherine Russell, PHE), diagnostic and clinical challenges of working on Zika in Brazil (Dr Mike Griffiths, UoL), the development of mouse model for testing novel therapies (Steven Bryden, University of Glasgow), modelling work revealing the role of climatic factors in fuelling the south-American outbreak (Dr Cyril Caminade, UoL), and the UK’s invasive mosquito surveillance in
对Zika的反应（Phe Jolyon Medlock博士）。
来自约翰·英恩斯中心植物的媒介传播疾病。myzus persicae，绿色桃蚜虫传播了100多种植物病毒，并在各种各样的家庭中定居。Hogenhout的初步数据强调，这些蚜虫正在积极调节植物过程，以提高植物的敏感性并通过从植物进食时传递毒力蛋白来提高植物的敏感性并促进蚜虫定植。然而，克里奥特强调了另一种植物病毒载体，粉虱，Bemisia tabaci, harbours a secondary endosymbiont that influences virus transmission, withB. Tahacishown to transmit more viral particles of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, be more attracted to infected tomato plants and have improved fecundity on infects plants when infected withRickettsia。
的重要性双翅目in vector-borne diseases was discussed in a ‘non-traditional’ manner by Dr Martin Hall from the Natural History Museum. Here he described how female flies are the vectors of the eggs that give rise to parasitic larvae, thus can be considered“自我向量”。霍尔通过他的图形图像引起了整个观众的注意Lucilia Sericatain the UK, the New and Old World screw worm fliesCochliomyia hominivorax和Chrysomya Bezzianaentering the UK living on humans, and the future threat to the UK from a flesh flyWohlfahrtia Magnifica在地中海和欧亚大陆中部，小型反刍动物的主要动物福利和经济上重要的苍蝇，容易延伸。
继续双翅目主题，许多行为和生态学研究都在两个蚊子和库里科德斯咬人的midges。Dr Victor Brugman from Evolution Biotechnologies highlighted that UK livestock farms support ornithophagic, mammalophagic and anthropophagic mosquito populations, with the candidate Arbovirus vectorCulex事实证明，物种可以以居民和迁徙鸟类为食 - 强调如果迁徙鸟类入侵疾病，英国蚊子物种传播媒介传播的风险。With certain pathogens known to modify aspects of their hosts’ biology to further their own transmission, Ailie Robinson, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, highlighted her work on volatile olfactory cues may suggest a target for parasite manipulation, whereby identification of infection-associated odours may lead to further enhancement of traps for vector-borne disease surveillance and control.
Differing species of库里科德斯咬人的midges，牲畜中蓝胞菌病毒的载体具有独特的宿主偏好，载体能力以及寄生或内共生体载荷。来自生态与水文学中心的StefanieSchӓfer评估了绵羊与红鹿的相对寄主偏好，并与C. obsoletus和C. scoticus同样丰富的轻度陷阱捕获物设置在绵羊或红鹿旁边，而C. Pulicariswas less frequently near red deer. Dr Georgette Kluiters from the University of Liverpool (UoL), highlighted the finding of a novel nematode parasitising UK库里科德斯是蓝肠和施马伦堡病毒的载体的物种。在腹部的雌性线虫的存在库里科德斯indicates a novel life-cycle of these nematodes in comparison to those previously studied in库里科德斯，提出有关它们对媒介的健身，生存和向量能力的影响的问题。
The talks on滴答矢量在英国突出了新的壁虱物种和病原体的入侵。来自英格兰公共卫生的凯利·汉斯福德（Kayleigh Hansford）强调了棕色狗tick的最新进口Rhipicephalus sanguineusto the UK, while Jessica Hall from the University of Salford emphasised thatBorrelia Miyamotoi这是最近在英国首次发现的新兴tick传播病原体在南部坎布里亚郡（Southern Cumbria）持续存在。戴维·贝恩斯（David Baines）博士结束了会议，并采用一些有趣的方法来改善tick管理，以恢复红松鸡拉戈普斯拉戈普斯scotica数字，其小鸡被绵羊tick虫寄生Ixodes ricinus。增加了抗磷脂的施用频率和绵羊的疫苗接种导致松鸡的滴答咬伤率降低，并且流离失所病毒的患病率降低，还可以通过将Acaricide浸渍的腿环与女性松鸡的使用一起观察到降低的滴答咬合率宠物狗虾酸浸渍的项圈可以相对于广泛使用的丙氨酰胺扩展持久性疗效。
也有大量发人深省的选择postersincluding work
强调了英国蚊子物种的喂养和吸引力行为以及它们在马房屋上的流行，英国对tick虫和莱姆病的监视以及使用tick细胞系的使用来隔离和传播细胞内细菌，仅举几例。
最后一个想法：会议期间提到的一种植物的媒介传播疾病在某些情况下被视为一种理想且经济上重要的植物病原体，并且在一年中的这个时候特别相关
phytoplasma. The specialised bacterial infection by phytoplasmas causes the long-adored ‘Christmas’ poinsettia plants to branch more willingly, something which was not seen in poinsettia prior to 1970, so it is thanks to phytoplasma infection that these plants have不止一朵花，正如我们看到的每个圣诞节卖出的那样。
与高级研究人员分享很重要