Welcome to ourMeet the SDG3 researcherblog collection. We are interviewing a series of academics and practitioners working in diverse fields to achieve可持续发展目标3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. You can find other posts in this collection这里,and discover what else Springer Nature is doing to advance progress towards achieving this goal on our dedicatedSDG3中心.

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I am a pharmacist by training. I graduated in 2003 from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University where I proceeded to study for my Master’s while working as a teaching assistant at Alexu. I studied the antimicrobial potential of some pharmaceutical excipients and found that Pemulen®, a viscosity imparting polymer, had an antibiofilm potential – a finding that also inspired my PhD work. As a pharmacist with a special interest in Microbiology, I found antimicrobial resistance, particularly in developing countries, a challenge I wanted to tackle. In my PhD years (2007-2010), I focused on the factors affecting biofilm formation among Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial isolates from Egypt.

My work stressed the increased antimicrobial resistance among older biofilms and the potential of some antimicrobial agents, when misused at concentrations insufficient to kill them, to promote biofilm formation – an observation that led me years afterwards to focus on antimicrobial stewardship awareness promotion.

在我职业生涯的这一点上，2010年下半年与来自亚美尼亚的一名研究人员从家庭度假回家时，我们俩都在等待我们的返回航班，这使我介绍了富布赖特奖学金。她讲述了自己作为富布莱特的经历，以及它如何影响她的生活和职业。我给我留下了深刻的印象，并回到家检查了富布赖特计划并计划正确的计划。我从未与亚美尼亚的研究人员保持联系，但我想借此机会感谢她，并祝她现在世界上最好的地方。

在我的富布赖特奖学金期间，我在芝加哥洛约拉大学艾伦·沃尔夫（Alan Wolfe）教授的实验室度过了九个月，随后在威斯康星州医学院的克里斯托弗·克里斯蒂奇（Christopher Kristich）博士的实验室中担任博士后研究员的一年，威斯康星州医学院将对此事的认知molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques.

在2014年回到家中，我在母校担任微生物和免疫学助理教授后，我准备改变重点。我想利用我新获得的经验和背景来了解抗药性的机制，并研究来自埃及的抗菌素抗性临床分离株的基因型，因为当时这些分离株在很大程度上是未知的。我们在高水平的抗药性中意识到了药物和医疗领域，但是这些水平尚未得到充分记录，也没有适当解释的埃及分离株之间的抗药性机制。知识差距是大多数感染控制和抗菌管理计划的严重挫折。

To fill this gap, I became involved in a number of research projects in staphylococcus as a model gram positive pathogen andbaumannii acinetobacterand铜绿假单胞菌as gram negative examples. One of my early Master’s students, Marwa Naguib, reported the prevalence of fusidic acid resistance among isolates from Alexandria, Egypt that were also methicillin resistant and we found a role for plasmid mediatedfusBandfusCgenes in mediating resistance in these分离物.

您的工作与SDG3有何关系？

到目前为止，抗菌素耐药性是一个非常紧迫的研究问题，尤其是在低资源环境中，因为它会影响我们治疗否则可以治愈的感染能力。在埃及，许多患者依靠自我药物或朋友和邻居的建议。再加上这一事实，即柜台上可以使用抗生素而无需处方，这导致抗生素滥用，这使抗生素耐药性的水平提高到了高于平均水平。这涉及药剂师在社区中的核心作用。除了我们的实验室工作外，我的学生和我自己还组织了亚历山大公众的公众宣传运动，以警告抗生素滥用的风险，这引起了共鸣SDG 3.3, SDG 3.b and SDG 3.d.

In the last two decades, research has come a long way in Egypt from the days when most researchers were self-funded. In line with SDG 3.c, nowadays, principal investigators can apply for research funding on a competitive basis and through several funding mechanisms. This certainly improved the quality of research and took the edge off of young researchers who can focus on their studies rather than worrying about how to finance their work.

Any highlights from your projects and research collaborations?

In 2015, I partnered with Prof. Andrew Whitelaw at Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, South Africa to describe the温泉，SCCmecand MLST types of MRSA isolates from Alexandria and the effect of genotype on resistance to moxifloxacin. For that project, we received funding from the Egyptian STDF (Science and Technology Development Fund, currently Science, Technology and Innovation Funding Authority), the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and the South African National Research Foundation. The项目还支持我的第一位博士学位学生Mustafa Alseqely的毕业。

Other projects soon followed and we expanded our collaboration network to include PD. Dr. Wilma Ziebuhr at Wuerzburg University and Prof. Revathi Gunturu from Agha Khan University, Kenya. We have obtained funding from DFG (German Research Foundation) and we are using a genomic approach to study resistance to several last resort agents in金黄色葡萄球菌and coagulase negative staphylococci. This项目支持我的硕士学生莉娜·马罗夫（Lina Maarouf）的毕业，以及我当前的学生艾莎·哈米（Aisha Hamdy）的工作。

My team is also collaborating with Dr. Benjamin Evans at the University of East Anglia on a project that was funded by the Newton-Mosharafa Fund to use genomics for typing ofcarbapenem resistantA. baumanniiand铜绿假单胞菌以及在这些分离株中阐明抗菌耐药性（可以找到更多的作品这里and这里).

2017年，我从Fogarty International Center Jordan计划开始了奖学金，以研究负责任的研究行为。从那以后，我就对临床实践和研究中的道德规范产生了兴趣。在这方面，我参加并组织了研讨会，以提高人们对埃及研究人员负责任的研究最重要方面的认识。

我一直是Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control两年多了。这个角色及其偶尔担任科学期刊的审稿人，使我欣赏编辑和审稿人在幕后的巨大努力，以使我们的研究结果可供科学界及其他地区的读者访问。

请告诉我们有关特别启发您的资源或个人。

My mom has always been my role model. She is a Professor of Pharmacology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexu and throughout my formative years, research has been an important fixture in our lives. As an elementary school student, my first complete sentence for my French class was “Maman Travaille Sur Les Grenouilles” which translates to “my mother works on frogs” – so much was I impressed with my mother’s research on frogs to study the pharmacological action of the different drugs. In addition to research, mom instilled in my brother and myself the values of hard work and perseverance. I owe her my attitude for never giving up. This is a very handy trait when applying for research funding. Thank you, Mom!

I was also inspired by Prof. Dr. Alan Wolfe who was my mentor during my Fulbright placement at Loyola University Chicago. From him, I learned the value of international collaboration and multidisciplinary work. Other people who affected my work and life include my Master’s and PhD advisors: Prof. Dr. Hamida Abou-Shleib, who always amazed me with her diplomacy in science and in life and Prof. Dr. Amal Khalil who always had a nice word for everyone.

Because I greatly value the role my mentors have played in my life and professional development, I like to return the favor and be there for my students. I advise them on workshops to attend and organize some such workshops and exchange programs for them. Throughout it all, I try to infuse them with confidence in their role as pharmacists and what good they can achieve in the community. It gives me great pleasure to see them presenting these positive experiences in scientific meetings.

You can find other posts in this collection这里.

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