Vector control – an important strategy against malaria
矢量控制是一种防止疟疾传播的极其成功的方法，经过杀虫剂处理的床网仍然是最受接受的预防策略。其他矢量控制方法包括在人类住所周围喷洒杀虫剂，去除可以产卵的任何水池，并将杀虫剂添加到含有蚊子幼虫的水池中。
These methods tend to be based on the application of insecticides. The problem with this is that when insecticides are applied incorrectly, or in low doses, the risk of mosquito-resistance to the chemical increases. Resistance to pyrethroid has already been observed across Africa where pyrethroid-treated bed nets are widely used.
因此，必须立即使用各种攻击策略，以减少抗化学蚊子种群的机会。因此，在天然蚊子卵形区域的草中生产的蚊子吸引剂锡德罗尔（Cedrol）是一种重要的信息，可用于操纵繁殖环境和帮助载体控制。
蚊子的生命周期
雌性蚊子将卵产在停滞的水面，例如池塘或在水桶，轮胎轮辋甚至汽车轨道上积聚的水坑中。鸡蛋漂浮在表面上，直到几天后它们孵化成幼虫。幼虫在水面下方发展，不断以微生物为食，并升至表面呼吸。他们经历了几个换羽阶段，然后变成p，并最终从幼崽的皮肤中出现为成年蚊子。
Mosquito attractant- Cedrol
Anopheline mosquitoes appear to display a preference for where they lay their eggs because larval distribution has been found to be non-random. How mosquitoes locate these favoured places could be based on chemical cues. Previous experiments in this area have been carried out at the malaria mosquito breeding site in Kenya through the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology.
These studies found that gravid mosquitoes can bedrawn to traps using chemical attractants和preferentially在水中产卵充满土壤known breeding site，而不是注入兔子的水，甚至是高压灭菌的土壤。这些发现打开了一种可能性，即被高压灭菌（例如微生物）杀死的土壤中发现的物质释放出来。
A further study performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify chemicals released from this soil-infused water, one of which是雪松. The authors found that cedrol was widespread in the mosquito breeding area and that gravid females were more attracted to cedrol-treated water when given a choice.
雪松的来源
Lynda Eneh及其同事addressed the question of what organisms could be releasing this chemical attractant. They hypothesised that a fungus could be producing the cedrol because similar chemicals (within the same ‘sesquiterpene’ class) areknown fungal metabolites.
他们还假设真菌将位于草丛中
due to previous reports of在草干中发现锡. They looked for fungi in the rhizomes of the grassCyperus圆形，在繁殖地发现。C.圆形rhizomes were washed free of soil and then infused with water. Aliquots of this infusion were then incubated on agar plates and whatever grew was divided into subcultures and incubated further.
The fungal isolates were identified asfusarium fujikuroi和Fusarium falciforme和the chemicals released by them were collected and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cedrol was found to be released by both species ofFusariumfungus withF. Fujikuroi还释放了另外两种类似的化学物质。
这一发现的含义
The authors mention that it would be useful to test mosquito attraction to the fungal cultures to confirm that they have legitimately identified a source of the oviposition cue. If mosquito behaviour is indeed influenced by the fungal cultures then these cultures could be used in control strategies against the malaria-spreading insect.
Perhaps it could be used to attract the mosquitoes to man-made ponds, free of most other wildlife, where high doses of insecticide could be regularly applied, reducing the chance of resistance occurring. In accordance with the general theme, this strategy would have to be combined with others to ensure mosquitoes are unable to adapt (to relying on alternative cues, for example).
注释