饮食失调(ED)是严重的精神疾病,具有复杂且未知的病因。EDS包括各种疾病,包括神经性厌食症,神经性贪食症和暴饮暴食障碍。神经性厌食症的特征是自我strain,强烈的恐惧对体重或自我感知的体重或形状的障碍。神经性贪食症患者患有狂饮的复发性发作(在相对较短的时间内食用异常大量食物),并具有控制性的感觉,随后是内gui和羞耻感,这使该人带来了补偿性行为(自我引起的呕吐,过度行使,使用泻药或利尿剂)。这些患者通常保持正常体重,与厌食症患者不同。暴饮暴食的特征是食用过量的食物,通常不饿,没有神经性贪食症的补偿行为。结果,患者通常超重。
这些疾病的病因似乎是多因素:遗传,生物学,社会文化和心理因素可以有助于其发展和维持。ED的过程通常是复发的,并且在很大一部分的情况下,有时会发生耐药性疾病。EDs are severe illnesses for a number of reasons: mortality is high, risk of suicidality is high, quality of life is poor, short- and long-term organic consequences strongly impact patients’ lives, and psychiatric comorbidity (mostly depression, anxiety, and personality disorders) is endemic to sufferers. As a result, EDs tend to appear as a treatment conundrum; although research is proposing interesting novel treatment approaches with encouraging results. Treatments are challenging mostly for anorexia nervosa: no current medications are able to reverse the core symptoms which exist, and long and costly hospitalizations are frequently needed. Duration of illness is a relevant factor in treatment response; adolescents with anorexia nervosa seem to benefit more from outpatient treatments than adults do.
这就是说,要尽快识别ED症状是关键,因为早期干预对于治疗反应和结果至关重要。如果及时捕获ED,则可以决定改变其课程并减少污名,并发症和死亡的风险。初级预防是基本的,有可能涉及家庭,老师和私人教练,仅举几例。知道要寻找的东西 - 减肥,拒绝吃某些食物,对体重增加或“脂肪”,过度和僵化的运动方案是饮食失调症的基本迹象,可以早日识别。
阅读更多 …。赶上BMC精神病学最新的饮食失调文章。
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