The promise of brain science to better the quality of life

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一些非常最近的圣udies have demonstrated alterations in implicit bias through the use of memory modificationduring sleep, and the ability to alter ‘sacred values’ through theuse of narrativesthat affect neuro-cognitive reasoning and justification processes.

Studies are also currentlyexpanding usesof deep brain stimulation toaffecta range of neurological and psychiatric conditions and states, and there is a rapidly growing use ofneuromodulatory technologiesin clinical, occupational and general public settings to modify mood, and improve performance on certain cognitive and behavioral tasks.

此外，在不久的将来有projectsthat seek to push the boundaries of neuroscientific capability into the realms of what heretofore was considered to be only fictional.

The promise – and problems – of brain science

脑科学的承诺在于其能力减轻神经和精神病的负担，以提供提供方法和工具，以协助（如果不是更好），日常生活，并改善生活质量。

Yet, these very same methods and tools can be, and are, viewed as the engines of dystopia, conjuring visions of mind reading and thought control, fostering a widening gap between the neurotechnologically enhanced and those not, and opening a veritable Pandora’s Box of potential problems and harms spawned by unanticipated effects or ‘runaway’ science.

This, coupled with the push from theBRAIN initiativehas prompted release of recommendations by the USPresidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues这为神经道德地址提供了基础。

Brain science at work on the world stage

But these recommendations, while sound, do not detail how to engage neuroethical direction, or provide guidance through the complex fields, if not morass of social, cultural, economic, and sometimes political variables and contexts that color the ways that the knowledge and tools of brain science can and perhaps should be used.

Neuroscience is, and is becoming ever more, a global social force. Recent and near term growth of non-Western bio- and neurotechnology investments, research and use will increasingly affect international economics, and the ways that different socio-cultural markets view, value and influence neuroscientific translation and its applications.

这种新的远景和现实的神经伦理学必须欣赏技术和社会领域的当前和新兴趋势，并且不应受到西方思想，理想或价值观的唯一遵守或使用。

我们需要为问题，问题和解决方案做好准备，即这种削减的科学将在特定和“现实世界”的情况和环境中产生。

This demands a broader, more inclusive orientation to multicultural perspectives so as to insure that neuroethical address and approaches are directly相关的，现实并保持applied to the problems神经科学在二十世纪世界舞台上产生的可能性.

神经伦理需要保持步伐

Arguably, this is both important and necessary if neuroethics is to keep pace with the brain sciences – and social concerns – it serves. In other words, there should be no new neuroscience without neuroethics. We need to be prepared for the questions, problems – and solutions – that such cutting edged science will incur in specific and ‘real world’ circumstances and contexts.

这将需要专门的投资，以准确定义和解决神经运动和社会问题固有的和衍生的神经科学和技术；不是限制研究或翻译，而是为了最大程度地提高其价值。

毫无疑问，神经科学将使新的知识和工具能够培养大脑研究及其翻译很重要。但是，同样，即使不是最重要的话，也要指导我们将对这种洞察力和工具做什么，并谨慎地确定如何制定和制定这种指导。简而言之，考虑到脑科学的动力和广度，否则就会愚蠢。