普通海豚（Delphinus delphis）的海景基因组学揭示了与区域和局部海洋学相关的自适应多样性|BMC生态学和进化|全文

The common dolphin is a well-known inhabitant of marine waters worldwide. But how do the various environments and ever changing conditions faced by these small cetacean impact their genetic diversity and have they adapted to their specific environment? ThisBMC Ecology and Evolution宽,enviro海景基因组研究使用基因组nmental data at the population level to look at selective pressure, adaptive population structure and population diversity in the common dolphin in southern Australia. Four key variables are identified to have an impact on genomic variation: sea surface temperature, primary productivity, current velocity and salinity. These data can in turn help to inform on the impact of specific factors such as pollution and assist in the conservation efforts. This study lead to the identification of five populations of common dolphin to be considered as priority for population management and conservation. As a near top predator, dolphins are key players in their environments and a vital part of the food chain. Thus, impacts from anthropogenic activities such as fisheries or climatic disruptions on dolphin populations could have long standing effects on the whole of the marine ecosystem.

玉米农民北部玉米农民的氧化应激，炎症和肺功能的影响，泰国|BMC公共卫生|全文

泰国是世界上最大的食品出口商之一，并且看到大量农药可提高生产力，尤其是除草剂。进口除草剂最高的是草甘膦。草甘膦是一种弱有机酸，通常由佐剂补充以增加其除草剂特性。它通常由异丙胺盐和对人有毒的表面活性剂组成。进入体内时，草甘膦会通过细胞膜吸收，并进入血液最终扩散到组织和器官之前，然后被体内排泄，主要是通过排尿和排便。主要接触草甘膦是通过使用除草剂的皮肤和呼吸系统，并且与各种疾病有关，尤其是呼吸系统痛苦。这BMC公共卫生纵向前研究是在泰国的玉米农民中使用问卷，尿液，血液样本和肺功能评估的信息，前一天和草甘膦使用后的一天。如预期的那样，对草甘膦的暴露对氧化应激，炎症和肺功能产生负面影响。

Oxidative stress can cause damage to cells and tissues and thus impact the body leading to increased inflammation. One of the by-product of oxidative damage is the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Upon oxidative stress, cells defend themselves by producing antioxidants in order to destroy damaging free radicals. Glutathione (GHS) plays a vital role in this process and acts to protect cells from oxidative stress. Glyphosate was shown to negatively impact the regulation of oxidative stress at different levels as exposure to glyphosate was shown to lead to a significant increase in the level of serum MDA and oxidative stress as well as a significant decrease in serum level of GHS. Furthermore, a statistically significant increase in inflammation was identified after glyphosate exposure as well as an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), a key marker of inflammation which increases upon tissue injury, causes monocyte activation as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of complement. Last but not least, lung function was significantly decreased after application of glyphosate.

这study focused on the short term effects of acute exposure thus further studies on the long-term effect of glyphosate exposure are warranted.

血液微生物组及其与心血管疾病死亡率的关联：病例研究|BMC心血管疾病|全文

Despite the popularity of microbiome studies, little is known about the impact of the presence of bacterial DNA in human blood and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The association between chronic diseases and CVD has been extensively studied and a number of risk factors are known to be associated an increase in CVD mortality such as tobacco use, obesity, diet, physical activity, history of heart diseases etc… In thisBMC Cardiovascular Disorderscase-cohort study spanning over nearly 10 years, blood samples from men of a mean age of 70 were collected and their microbiome analysed in order to investigate a putative association with CVD mortality. Over 80% of the blood samples collected contained bacterial DNA from a whole range of bacteria originating from the gut, skin, oral cavity or the environment. Three genera were significantly associated with CVD mortality but the two most prevalent genera isolated,StreptococcusandStaphylococcuswere not and are part of the commensal microbiota. The presence of two genera in blood,KocuriaandEnhydrobacter，，，，was associated with an increased CVD mortality whereas it was the opposite for the third genera,Paracoccus。有趣的是，这些相关性是独立于其他知识的健康和生活方式风险因素来确定的。这项研究反映了一生中的风险，因为它看着老年人，并且可以告知在未来的研究项目中要追求哪个属的风险。

环境温度对中国南京子痫风险风险的短期影响：时间序列分析|BMC怀孕和分娩|全文

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy that occurs in 3-5% of pregnant women. This condition was traditionally diagnosed upon observation of an increase in blood pressure and high level of proteins in urine. Recent studies have found an association between temperature and the risk of preeclampsia. Indeed, it has now been shown that the risk of preeclampsia increases for women who have conceived in warmth months and delivered in cold months based on the study of seasonal or monthly temperature data. In thisBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth研究中,短期exposu温度的影响re on the risk of preeclampsia was investigated using daily temperature data. The authors reported that there was a significantly larger number of hospital admissions for preeclampsia on cold days than on hot ones. Indeed, the highest number of admissions to hospital for preeclampsia was observed on days where the mean temperature was lower than 10°C. Furthermore, the lowest number of admissions to hospital for preeclampsia was on days where the mean temperature was higher than 30°C. The lag effect of low temperature preeclampsia risk was also identified as a significant risk factor. Thus the recommendation was that in low temperature, pregnant women should stay warm and pay attention to their blood pressure and go to the hospital if it raises. This information could be used in order for governments to increase publicity on the impact of low temperature on the risk of preeclampsia and thus help to reduce that risk.

Osmoregulatory strategies of estuarine fish Scatophagus argus in response to environmental salinity changes | BMC Genomics | Full Text

Estuaries are changing environments characterised by large variations in salinity levels due to the mixture of marine and fluvial waters. Thus their inhabitants have had to develop strategies to adapt to such fluctuations. ThisBMC Genomics研究开始阐明负责强盐度耐受性的分子机制Scatophagus argus，斑点的猫鱼是最近开发的玛养养殖特种，通过看差异表达的蛋白质。他们发现细胞离子调节运输以及ATP合成是其专业ill的osmoregulation过程中的关键参与者，其充当主要的渗透压器官。这些ill制定了不同的策略，使鱼能够适应不同的盐度水平。在低盐水条件下，Na+外排通过Na+-K+-ATPase（NKA）增加活性，从而导致细胞内渗透压降低。同时，NKA内部化增加会阻止过多的离子损失。在高盐胁迫下，多余的离子通过主动转运和NKA活性降低，导致细胞内渗透压升高。因此，该鱼类已经开发出不同的渗透调节策略，以处理低湿度和高渗性应力，从而适应盐度水平上发生较大波动的环境。这些结果提供了宝贵的见解Scatophagus argus河口鱼类使用的策略应证明对商业水产养殖的扩展有帮助。