There are many reasons someone might stop eating meat. They might not like the taste. They might be concerned about how the animals are treated. Or they might want to reduce their carbon footprint, as meat production contributes to global warming:
- 肉类生产基本上与作物生产相结合。根据study农作物占世界无冰表面的约12％。这需要用大量的水和无机氮来源灌溉。
- Meat production increases global warming。估计that cattle are the main contributors of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions worldwide and the warming potential of Methane is高28倍比二氧化碳。
无论出于何种原因，公众对肉类替代品的兴趣都在激增。但是，其中许多产品都是基于植物的，这意味着它们仍然遇到上述农作物生产问题。
最近，许多公司和初创企业通过基于蘑菇或真菌而不是植物引入肉类替代品，开始解决这个问题。
真菌肉，最新的东西？并不真地！
In 2019, together with former colleagues at the Technical University of Berlin, I did some研究fungi-related专利,主要是物质年代ector. This taught me to always look at the patent situation any time I was interested in new methods, procedures or products, because I made an observation: if something is described scientifically in research papers or being promoted through different channels, there will already be a patent from somebody out there who had the same idea and who secured their rights of use with it.
因此，我进行了另一项搜索来回答以下问题：
基于蘑菇的肉是一种新现象，还是已经存在多年了？
我在EspaceNet专利办公室and used the following keywords:
（ctxt =“菌丝网”和ctxt =“肉”和（nftxt =“替代”或nftxt =“模拟”或nftxt =“ abalogue”））而不是nftxt =“ soybean”
期限ctxt指的是所有包含标题，摘要或索赔中关键字的专利。期限nftxt搜索所有文本字段中包含关键字的专利。例如，我想获得所有包含关键词菌丝体和肉的专利，尤其是当标题或摘要中提到的专利。我不想使用关键字“大豆”的专利，因为由植物制成的肉类替代品。最后，我在2006年至2021年的过去15年中搜索了专利，以使整体结果更加密集。
With this rough approach I was able to find 28 patents. After manually going through the list, I end up with 12 patents in total. The following table summarizes the cleared results. If you are interested to check the details, you can check out the keyword-search atEspacenet here。Feel free to play a bit around.
| Table 1:专利列表在上面描述了关键字搜索 | ||||
| No | 标题 | 申请人 | 发布专利号 | Release date |
| 1 | Methods for growing fungal mycelium and forming edible products therefrom | Emergy Inc [美国] | WO2019237059A1 | 2019-12-12 |
| 2 | 产生蘑菇菌丝体模拟，生产肉类模拟的方法，低卡路里合成肉，肉味和肉味增强剂，包括肉类模拟 | CJ Corp [KR] KIM YOUNG-DUK [KR] KIM YONG-HWI [KR] |
WO2007139321A1 | 2007-12-06 |
| 3 | Growth of filamentous fungi from pea protein residual waste streams | Emergy Inc [美国] | US2021337827A1 | 2021-11-04 |
| 4 | Meat-substituting material using mycelium of eryngii | 三菱公司Life Sciences Ltd | JP2020014427A | 2020-01-30 |
| 5 | 形成方向性菌丝纤维的方法 | Emergy Inc [美国] | WO2021163216A1 | 2021-08-19 |
| 6 | Food material using mushroom mycelium | 三菱公司生命科学有限公司[JP] | TW202100029A | 2021-01-01 |
| 7 | 用于替代备的真菌菌丝体的制备方法及其在替代蛋白素肉制备中的应用 | CN113583882A | 2021-11-02 | |
| 8 | Methods for dehydrating and rehydrating mycelium | Emergy Inc [美国] | WO2021163215A1 | 2021-08-19 |
| 9 | 使用产生菌丝体的真菌和从中形成的食品结合纹理底物的方法 | TERRAMINO INC [US] | WO2021030412A1 | 2021-02-18 |
| 10 | 사상균을함유함유식용조성물및이이배양배양위한생물반응기시스템 | 可持续生物生物生产公司[美国] | KR20200044920A | 2020-04-29 |
| 11 | Methods of generating mycelial scaffolds and applications thereof | Ecovative Design LLC | CN113302284A | 2021-08-24 |
| 12 | 在食品中使用柠檬酸或葡萄糖酸的生物量 | Gadot生化Ind Ltd [IL] | WO2016001912A1 | 2016-01-07 |
现在，我想回到有关真菌肉类类似物的第一个介绍性问题：
基于蘑菇的肉是一种新现象，还是已经存在多年了？
图1：根据过去15年的关键字专利搜索（ESPACENET），已发布并累积了专利
我发现的最古老的专利是2007年（表1，位置2），这是一项标题的韩国专利“Method of producing mushroom mycelia based meat analog, meat analog produced thereby, low calorie synthetic meat, meat flavor and meat flavor enhancer comprising the meat analog.”So the idea of a fungal-based meat substitute is about 15 years old.
但是，大多数专利都在2020年和2021年找到（图1）。这使我得出这样的结论：尽管这个想法并不新鲜，但最近对该领域引起了一些兴趣。而且，我的粗略搜索参数可能过于不精确，并且该领域可能有更多专利。这是进行专利搜索时犯的常见错误。随着气候变化和动物和人类猖ramp的土地利用等问题，可能会在未来几年内提交更多专利。因此蘑菇可以发挥重要作用！
Next time, we’ll take a closer look at the found patents and look behind the scenes of mushroom meat production.
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