Ongoing climate change is a global concern and the impact of associated warming is most prominent in Northern latitudes (above 60◦ N). Our general understanding on climate change effects and unpredicted long-term consequences has increased significantly in recent years. However, there is still a large gap of knowledge regarding the influence of climate change on the spread of infectious diseases and how these diseases should be identified. This study sought to prioritize climate-sensitive infections of relevance for humans and/or animals living in Northern regions. Some animal species, reindeer in particular, are more vulnerable to the temperature changes. The growing climate change drastically shape infectious diseases epidemiology and geography.
生态系统的变化,如天气和precipitation, directly affect survival and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as its animal reservoirs and vectors. Further, opportunistic infections may thrive when wild or semi-domesticated animals get stressed due to lack of feed or water or due to fragmentation of habitats and increased animal density.
北部社会高度依赖健康的动物及其生态系统。动物和人类健康很可能会受到气候变化引起的人畜共患病原体的分布和毒力的变化（在动物和人之间传播）的影响。绵羊种植和驯鹿放牧，狩猎，钓鱼和旅游业为农村人口的经济发展而言是中心的。气候变化增加了驯鹿放牧的压力源，这已经受到了变化的土地使用和捕食者的负担。驯鹿在许多新感染上是免疫学上幼稚的，这可能会引起有害作用。特别是，驯鹿眼睛和口中的传染病可能会出乎意料地严重。这些感染导致动物既是由于疼痛和难以找到食物和饮食的困难而遭受的，这将进一步降低动物福利和身体状况，导致生殖失败，还可能导致饥饿和被捕食者杀死的风险增加。这些疾病也可能严重影响牧民和利益相关者的经济。
在本研究中，一个专家小组代表20位具有兽医和人类医学，流行病学，病毒学，细菌学和生态学全面知识的专家到东方的西伯利亚，超过60◦N.使用主要和确定的独特关键字以及特定的纳入标准进行系统文献。总共1275篇摘要由斯堪的纳维亚半岛和俄罗斯联邦的专家评估，并具有有关传染病的全面知识。揭示了37个潜在的气候敏感感染，其中76％是人畜共患感染。
在非Zoonotic感染中，αHerpes病毒，Fusobacterium necrophorum（核酸杆菌病），副细胞病毒（ORF）和Pestivirus的特征是潜在的和间接的气候感染感染，因为它们通常与驯鹿的饲料相关，这是缓解气候变化和冰锁冬季牧场的一种方法。但是，结果显示只有少数摘要被认为属于接触传输类别。原因之一可能是，这些疾病主要在驯鹿和其他凝结中引起问题，并且在气候变化的影响方面可能不会太多研究。
Ticks were the arthropod vector most often associated with climate-sensitive infections.
评估的摘要中约有一半被放置在节肢动物矢量 - 传播类别中，包括tick，midges和Mosquitoes传播的疾病。壁虱是节肢动物矢量最常与气候敏感感染有关（41％），并且通常与欧洲重点有关。气候变化似乎有助于稳定的壁虱扩张，例如Ixodes ricinus，，，，to higher latitudes, altitudes and also from coast to inland. Ticks are important vectors of infectious agents and their geographical distribution is favored by climate change.
虽然莱姆毛毛虫病和tick传播脑炎是欧洲最相关的人类tick传播病原体，但巴贝西亚属。and bacteria of genus Anaplasma are the most widespread tick-borne pathogens, which can be fatal to the unprotected reindeer population in the north. An assessment of the importance of the expansion of ticks into the reindeer herding regions and the potential increased incidence of tick-borne pathogens is urgently needed within the frame of preparedness.
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