Buzzword
大数据是技术和商业领域中的流行语之一，特别是由于智能手机文化而被普及。公司主要使用它来提供与个人客户的需求和兴趣最相关的个性化服务，建议和广告。在我们的观察中，大数据还具有巨大的潜力，尚未涉及人类的发展和援助。
We were particularly interested in identifying different human development areas that could benefit from big data analytics. We highlighted four such major areas: humanitarian emergencies, poverty and hunger alleviation, healthcare, and education.
Utilizing big data
We conducted an extensive survey of the existing literature, government initiatives, and efforts from various non-governmental and other organizations to see the current state of the techniques and methods that are being deployed to utilize big data in the aforementioned development areas.
As part of our survey we also included a description of various sources of big data and different techniques, e.g. machine learning and data mining, which can be used to excavate useful insights from the data.
Though there are several challenges, the most frequently discussed among these are the issues of privacy and data fragmentation
尽管存在几个挑战，但其中最常见的是隐私和数据分散的问题 - 这意味着数据存在于潜在的不同格式的不同隔离数据库上，以用于特定应用程序。
然而，我们的整体调查显示了令人鼓舞的情况，在这种情况下，正在做出几项努力，以引导大数据的人类发展。最值得注意的是，联合国发起了联合国全球脉冲项目to harness big data which would provide real-time information to its missions, so that the most suitable relief actions can be taken for the most affected.
We have also noticed a healthy trend of打开数据。政府我们和the英国已经制定了与公开可用的几个领域有关的数据，以助长创新。这项工作设想了一种透明和平等的文化。现在，有了所有可用的相关数据，可以在各个领域设计最合适，最包容的公共政策。
A benefit to healthcare
我们认为，将从大数据中受益匪浅的领域是医疗保健。
我们认为，将从大数据中受益匪浅的领域是医疗保健。智能手机和可穿戴设备的普遍存在，可以以最友好的方式提供有关一个人健康的实时信息，并且在需要时，请在与健康相关的紧急情况下警告相关的医疗保健提供者。
Individualized healthcareis a vision that can be realized by a merger between medical and data science. It aims to provide the most improved and relevant healthcare services to individuals and communities. Through this system, a tailored regimen can be prescribed as per a patient’s particular medical, physical, and environmental conditions.
通过个性化的医疗保健，overdiagnosiscan be avoided in which every patient is passed through the rigors of a treatment without considering their individual conditions. An example of the implementation of individualized healthcare is the initiative taken by Johns Hopkins University called个性化的健康计划（不健康）。
顾名思义，预测分析是一种基于针对特定情况收集的数据来预测未来结果或行为的技术。该技术在许多人类发展领域中找到了应用。如上所述，避免过度诊断的例子是医疗保健预测分析的好处的另一个体现。
A school teacher can use big data analytics to design an effective curriculum and identify students whose performance trajectory shows that they might fail in particular topics
pedictive分析的另一个例子,一个学校teacher can use big data analytics to design an effective curriculum and identify students whose performance trajectory shows that they might fail in particular topics, and devote special attention towards such individuals.
Machine learning (ML) is a technique that enables systems to make intelligent decisions. Autonomous cars, autopilot functions in aircrafts, and recommendation systems for online shopping are all examples of ML-powered systems.
Sentiment analysisis a powerful machine-learning technique that can be used to gain insights from online social networks like Facebook and Twitter. Through sentiment analysis we can analyze various social and political dimensions of a region.
通过将情感分析与预测分析相结合，我们可以避免政治动荡和大规模骚乱。我们认为，如果这些技术及时使用，那么叙利亚移民危机可能是avoided.
现代人道主义反应
The promise that big data holds to revolutionize the modern humanitarian response is encouraging. This promise also entails several ethical and technological challenges, which we have described in detail in our survey.
其中最重要的是隐私问题。必须设计严格的规则和方法，以确保个人数据用于提供服务和制定公共政策的个人的隐私。这样可以真正实现透明，公正和包罗万象的信息时代。
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