Bereavement is something that most people will experience at some point in their lives. Grief responses to bereavement include shock, sadness, despair, disbelief, guilt and longing for the deceased. These grief reactions are often coupled with adverse physical, psychosomatic and mental health outcomes, including头痛，疼痛和头晕。

Individuals bereaved by suicide can experience any or all of these grief reactions but may also experience reactions that are unique to suicide bereavement. Reactions to suicide bereavement includefeelings of abandonment and anger towards the deceased。They may also experience trauma as a result of finding the body of their loved one. If grieving is prolonged and is not processed adequately by an individual, this may lead tocomplicated grief which is characterized by intense suffering.

由于自杀丧亲的潜力是一种独特的经历，因此重要的是要检查自杀后可能的心身和身体健康结果。我们进行了首次系统审查，以合成24个定量发表的研究文章，这些研究文章比较了经历过自杀丧亲的人的身体或心身健康结果与其他因其他死亡原因而丧偶的结果。

Five articles found that family members bereaved by suicide had a higher risk of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension and diabetes. They also had poorer general health, and they experienced more physical pain and physical illnesses than those bereaved by a non-suicide death.

有趣的是，另外两项研究发现，自杀丧亲与许多健康问题的风险较低有关。与其他死亡原因相比，自杀死亡的人患癌症，糖尿病，心血管和慢性下呼吸道疾病的风险较低。自杀儿童的儿童也没有像丧亲儿童那样经常去GP。

So, are those who experience suicide bereavement different to those bereaved by other causes of death? The answer is both yes and no. No study found a significant association for an increase in psychosomatic health outcomes following suicide bereavement, which appears to show that the two groups are similar in this respect.

People bereaved by non-suicide deaths often experience similar emotions to those bereaved by suicide but reactions such asshame, stigma, responsibility and guilt are more pronounced in the latter group。我们的研究提供了一些证据表明，与非自杀死亡相比，自杀死亡的人的身体健康结果较差。

To what extent are these results relevant for clinicians and researchers? We know that shame and stigma often experienced by the suicide-bereaved, negatively impacts on people’s help-seeking ability. It is important then for health professionals and researchers to be aware that reduced help-seeking together with the increased risk of adverse outcomes, makes people bereaved by suicide an additionally vulnerable group.

The study findings also underline the need for a more pro-active approach by health professionals to assess both mental health and physical health symptoms in the aftermath of a death by suicide.