面对气候变化,如何保护粮食作物?

Earth day每年4月22日庆祝。其目的是提高人们对环境问题的认识。在这里,编辑BMC Plant Biologymarks the occasion by highlighting research into a major issue brought on by climate change - drought and how it affects food crops.

Earth day每年4月22日庆祝nd全世界举行了许多活动,以支持对环境的保护。今年,竞选重点是环境和气候素养,,,,with the aim of building a global understanding on climate change and the threat it poses to the planet.

One important aspect of climate change isdrought。一个s the temperature of the earth continues to rise, some areas will see more rainfall, but others will see considerably less, causing drought conditions. It has been estimated that, by the end of the 21st世纪,与今天相比,世界上受干旱影响的地区将翻了一番。

植物不断面临许多环境挑战,这当然是干旱。缺水会严重影响植物的生长和发育,这是食品作物的特别重要考虑因素,因为它可能对作物质量和最终产量产生不利影响。

因此,研究植物如何应对干旱状况,并研究改善植物对水短缺的耐受性的方法。

BMC Plant Biologyreceives an increasing number of articles that describe studies investigating plant tolerance in plants, and particularly plants that are important food crops. In order to celebrate Earth Day, I thought I would highlight two of my favorites.

野生桃如何应对干旱

Cultivated peaches are vulnerable to the effects of drought.
Cultivated peaches are vulnerable to the effects of drought.
Pixabay

Amygdalus mira(Koehne)Yü等人是一种野桃。这被认为是理想的种质((essentially, a supply of living plant tissue from which new plants can be grown) for improving cultivated peach plants. Due to a lack of genetic variation, cultivated peach plants are vulnerable to environmental stresses, including drought. Caoet alrecentlypublished the results一项研究,研究了野生桃对水短缺的反应。野生桃植物分为两组之一。然后将一组暴露于干旱状况16天,而另一组浇水良好。也许不足为奇的是,研究人员观察到,在干旱样条件下暴露于干旱状况下的植物的根长度和水含量减少了。他们还发现,与ROS清除酶的活性一样,相对电导率,脯氨酸,丙二醛和过氧化氢水平也有所增加。此外,在16天后重新浇水后,只有脯氨酸水平恢复正常。与含水良好的植物相比,在干旱暴露的野生桃厂中95种不同蛋白的表达也发生了变化,包括参与细胞骨架动力学,碳水化合物,碳水化合物,氮和能量代谢,转录和翻译,运输,压力和防御,压力和防御。研究人员得出的结论是,酶促和非酶抗氧化剂之间的相互作用,增加了脯氨酸,丙二醛和过氧化氢水平,相对电导率的升高以及蛋白质水平的变化表达的所有有助于使野生桃厂抗旱的野生桃厂对干旱的影响。

How tomatoes cope with drought

叶绿体可能有助于西红柿承受干旱的影响
叶绿体可能有助于西红柿承受干旱的影响。
Pixabay

在生存的干旱方面,西红柿又有袖子。一个最近的文章by Tamburino and colleagues looked at how thechloroplasts通过研究三周大的番茄(CV山cro)幼苗对缺水随后是重新引入(“重新水域”)的反应,在番茄中的存在​​可能在保护这些植物中具有重要作用。与野生桃厂的反应类似,研究人员发现缺乏水限制了番茄植物的生长,并导致脯氨酸,脱落酸(ABA)和晚期胚胎发生丰富的基因转录物的水平增加。同样,就像野生桃厂一样,叶绿体蛋白质库中许多蛋白质的表达也受到干旱样条件的影响。一旦恢复周期开始,就有证据表明番茄植物功能的总体恢复,但叶绿体蛋白质库仍受到影响。某些候选基因的基因表达的变化和脱落酸水平的升高表明,特定的叶绿体至核藻(逆行)信号传导途径被激活,最终导致了应激反应,从而有助于番茄植物应对干旱条件。

研究能否解决干旱造成的粮食短缺问题的答案?

那么,到目前为止,可以得出哪些结论,或者是其他任何结论?报道说,气候变化将导致未来几十年世界饥饿的增加,突显了开发农作物的重要性,即使在干旱条件下也可以提供高产。

CAO的研究et alsuggests that reintroducing some of the genetic variation present in wild peach plants to cultivated peach plants, may well also reintroduce some drought-resistant mechanisms to the crop, increasing the tolerance to drought and increasing the amount of fruit produced. And Tamburinoet al得出结论,特别设计的植物突变体be used to further investigate the retrograde signalling pathway thought to be responsible for drought tolerance in Crovarese tomatoes.

Research into how to make food crops more drought resistant is undoubtedly a very active area of research and it is hoped that it will provide solutions to what could become a serious worldwide concern.

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