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An unusual Monkeypox outbreak has emerged and been reported in over 59 non-endemic WHO member countries with more than 6,027 laboratory confirmed cases. Human infections with the central and West African clade, namely the Congo Basin clade in Cameroon, Nigeria, DR Congo, CAR, South Sudan and the Great Lakes, appear to be less severe, with fatality rates in other African countries of 3.6% and 10.6% in 2017, associated with children and babies to untreated HIV or compromised Immunodeficiency patents. The geographical distribution showed the majority of cases in WHO European regions (n=2933, 86%) and the American region (n=381, 11%), eastern Mediterranean (n=15, <1%) and western Pacific (n=11, <1%). However, no case of death has been reported from ongoing Monkeypox outbreaks in non-endemic countries so far, and eight endemic African countries have had 73 confirmed cases and three death recorded in Sub-Saharan Africa (WHO, 2022). Prior the current outbreak, endemic African countries have reported 1365 cases and 67 deaths due to the same virus from mid-December to late May 2022 (WHO, 2022).

该疾病可以通过与受污染的患者，共用毛巾和床上用品中感染的皮肤病变接触直接或间接传播。典型的症状因发烧，疼痛和肌痛而异，到紧张的头痛，淋巴结肿大和皮肤喷发。正在进行的流行病学调查报告说，大多数病例与旅行历史，性健康行为和异性恋联系或家庭和医疗机构中的其他间接/直接联系有关。然而，非旅行报告的案件是非典型的，可以作为爆发警报，并加强国际卫生法规（IHR，2005年）和全球卫生安全措施（WHO，2022）。

大规模聚会期间

海湾国家将举行两次大规模聚会活动。朝j 1443H和Umrah 2022计划在沙特阿拉伯拥有100万个国际和当地朝圣者，而卡塔尔FIFA 2022年世界杯也将吸引许多旅行者。

注意定期和持续survei的缺失llance and monitoring mechanisms in both endemic and non-endemic countries, the syndemic of COVID-19 pandemic and Monkeypox epidemic could cause more significant health, socioeconomic and global health security consequences. We urgently call for action by governments to rapidly strengthen and implement Monkeypox CDC outbreak preparedness and response actions plans in both non-endemic and endemic countries.

应该做什么？

这些创新的公共卫生准备和针对Monkeypox爆发的响应行动在COVID-19大流行中包括：

• 扩展了本地和全球信息共享，意识和旅行指导。
• 提高条目和全身感染性疾病暴发的监视监测系统。
• 定期提高朝圣者和旅游相关的信息和隔离措施。
• Promoting and sustaining local and international risk communication and community engagement.
• Scale diagnostic, enhanced genomic surveillance for rash-like illnesses and comprehensive case finding and contact tracing at all levels, mainly healthcare delivery services sites.
• Improving clinical management with supportive care as well as communities’ resilience building amongst at risk countries and vulnerable groups.
• Addressing the local and global impact of increasing climate change and global trade/travel effects on scale and spread of outbreaks and pandemics.

Mass gathering engagement and outreach should consist mainly of national health education and awareness outreach on emerging Monkeypox illness, coupled with COVID-19 preparedness and response trainings and capacity building. Monkeypox vaccination programs should be implemented at point of entries, as well as effective strategies to mitigate social media rumors and misinformation in order to prevent and control the growing public and global health menace.

Promoting prompt, reliable and secured information sources ought to continue to raise citizen and country readiness by governments and stakeholders to prevent, monitor and tackle any eventual outbreak of Monkeypox in mass gathering and healthcare settings. More efforts are required in increasing/improving integrative ‘One Health’ approach outbreak risk communication and community engagement in affected countries, in order to detect, prepare and prevent at-risk populations, pilgrims, tourists and footballers, and respond to such unprecedented global outbreak threats and effects on travel medicine and global health security under International Health Regulations (IHR), 2005 (WHO, 2022).

有趣的是，天花疫苗已证明可以有效地针对这种蒙基毒素病毒提供牛群的免疫力，但这需要在建立有针对性人群的基于人群的疗效和安全性证据方面进行更广泛的研究，以实现全面和可持续的决策政策，建议和应对措施。解决知识差距和研究优先级以提高可用的疫苗有效性和安全证据，对于建立有效和可持续的对策和免疫反应至关重要。加强本地和全球“一个健康”方法实施研究，协作和进口/贸易控制措施对于理解和解决动物储层人群和环境传播动态和传播至关重要，以鼓励更好的诊断和干预，预防和控制最佳实践。

两位作者都没有利益冲突。

References

1. WHO, 2022 (accessed 09/July 2022).多国蒙基蛋白酶爆发：情况更新（WHO.INT）
2. CDC，2022（2022年6月4日访问），S. Monkeypox爆发2022：情况摘要|Monkeypox |痘病毒|CDC
3. 谁的蒙基托斯研究：知识差距和优先研究问题是什么？谁的蒙基托克斯研究：知识差距和优先研究问题是什么？