Becoming ever more firmlyembeddedin the social psyche, conditions such asantisocial personality disorder,psychopathy,dissocial personality disorderandsociopathyhave generally been associated with recidivism and dangerousness whilst also used as a criterion toexclude patients from treatment services.

虽然目前弗拉姆号ed in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (dsm - iv) there has beencriticism that the current definition of antisocial personality disorder, which focuses mainly on observable behaviors, would benefit from an increased focus on the interpersonal and emotional aspects of the disorder, potentially leading to an increase in the number of patients eligible for treatment.

Morton Hesseargues in acommentaryforBMC Medicinethis week that developments in diagnostics for this controversial field should move away from exclusively focusing on elements such as risk assessment to explore interpersonal and emotional aspects of the disorder, recommendations which could have important implications for the impending revised第五版.