根据2017年全球疾病，伤害和危险因素的负担学习，，，，pneumonia remains the leading cause of death among children under the age of five, in spite of a 36% reduction in pneumonia-related deaths in this population in the last ten years. In the same period, adults aged over 70 years presented a 34% increase in deaths due to pneumonia.肺炎链球菌（肺炎球菌）仍然是肺炎的最常见原因，也是儿童和成人的主要杀手。
关于肺炎关于普通人群的健康知之甚少：人们普遍认为它仅影响特别脆弱的人。
由于当前的人道主义危机，成千上万的流离失所者面临着不确定的未来。由于营养不良，室内空气污染，拥挤，健康不足和限制进入水，它们的感染风险极高，例如肺炎。人们普遍认为，肺炎可能会对诸如难民，无家可归者和吸毒者等脆弱人群造成毁灭性影响。相比之下，关于肺炎及其对普通人群健康的影响知之甚少：存在广泛的误解，即它仅影响特别脆弱的人。
In some people, pneumonia is associated with only a few clinical symptoms, but in others it may present as a fulminant infection, associated with respiratory and systemic complications leading todeath。The general public’s ignorance of the severity, complications and sequelae of pneumonia is a matter of great concern.
在社区获得性肺炎（CAP）的情况下，患者患有早期和晚期事件的风险增加，例如急性心肌梗塞，心脏心律不齐。另外，三分之一的CAP患者将出现败血症，这是一种生命治疗的疾病。CAP幸存者的可能性大大增加垂死从急性发作（即超过10年）中恢复了很长时间，即使是那些没有合并症的人也是如此。对肺炎严重程度及其后果的普遍意识反映在中等中等的流感和肺炎球菌疫苗中。
Antimicrobial resistance
在全球范围内，另一个重要的问题是抗菌素耐药性。它在肺炎病原体中的快速而广泛的出现迫使科学界反思过度使用抗生素and its consequences. In CAP cases with etiological diagnosis, 1.3% are caused by抗药性S.肺炎，1.2％的多药耐药性（（MDR) Enterobacteriaceae大约6％MDR病原体，其中最常见的是金黄色葡萄球菌and铜绿假单胞菌。这些耐药性微生物对肺炎临床管理的主要挑战是及时识别它们，以启动足够的抗菌治疗，从而防止不良预后。
最近的研究表明，与抗生素耐药性相关的较高死亡率与以前的合并症和抗菌治疗不足有关。
In this regard, we applaud the decision to abandon the concept of health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) announced in recently published international guidelines for医院经验和呼吸机-associated pneumonia and帽。我们认为，通过评估局部流行病学，抗性病原体和肺炎严重程度的主要危险因素，以及增加具有耐甲氧西林风险的患者的微生物测试S.金黄色葡萄酒（MRSA）和Pseudomonas（如电流中的建议帽的指导方针）it is possible to improve empirical therapy and reduce mortality, thus avoiding the excessive use of broad spectrum therapy.
The lung microbiome
Studies of the lung microbiome have made major breakthroughs in the area of the pathophysiology of pneumonia, by refuting the previously accepted view that the lungs were sterile. Now we know that multiple bacterial species are part of the healthy lung, forming what is known as the “lung microbiome”, a dynamic community of species whose constant interaction with lung immunity keeps them in equilibrium inside the healthy lung.
在这种新情况下，肺炎被证明是这种平衡和营养不良caused leads to significant modifications within the microbial communities. Further studies are needed to help us better understand the lung microbiome in pneumonia.
患者教育
Our knowledge about pneumonia has increased exponentially in the last decade, but a key area in which very little progress has been made is patient education. Patient education is essential in order to reduce the incidence of pneumonia, especially in the major risk groups. It is vital that we share our knowledge of pneumonia with the general public: awareness campaigns are urgently needed.
我们生活在一个技术世界中，社交网络代表着一种有用的工具，可以扩大患者教育。今年，家庭和肺炎患者的支持和信息协会（Neumoai）是在西班牙创建的，目的是传播有关肺炎的知识并提供信息以帮助预防。这种倡议可能有助于提高公众中对肺炎的认识，并鼓励他们保持肺部健康。
Comments